The ever-increasing research and clinical requirements demand advanced therapeutic antibody drugs, and bispecific antibodies are among them. lmmunoglobulin G (lgG), the most common type of antibody in blood circulation, is monospecific and recognizes only a single antigen, with the exception of lgG4. In contrast, bispecific antibodies are designed to recognize and bind to two different targets at the same time, therefore fulfilling, as opposed to monospecific antibody drugs, upgraded or unique effect through different mechanisms.
Bispecific antibodies have found their therapeutic application in clinical setting, as they can be designed to redirect, for instance, immune cells (such as T cells), to target disease cells, and eliminate them. In addition, bispecific antibodies can assist in the delivery of therapeutic payloads, such as toxins or drugs, to in vivo target sites.
